PLC和变频器的组合应用
可编程控制器(PLC)是一种数字运算与操作的控制装置。PLC作为传统继电器的替代产品,广泛应用于工业控制的各个领域。由于PLC可以用软件来改变控制过程,并有体积小,组装灵活,编程简单,抗干扰能力强及可靠性高等特点,特别适用于恶劣环境下运行。
当利用变频器构成自动控制系统进行控制时,很多情况下是采用PLC和变频器相配合使用,例如我厂二催化的自动吹灰系统。PLC可提供控制信号和指令的通断信号。一个PLC系统由三部分组成,即中央处理单元、输入输出模块和编程单元。本文介绍变频器和PLC进行配合时所需注意的事项。
1.开关指令信号的输入
变频器的输入信号中包括对运行/停止、正转/反转、微动等运行状态进行操作的开关型指令信号。变频器通常利用继电器接点或具有继电器接点开关特性的元器件(如晶体管)与PLC)相连,得到运行状态指令,如图1所示。
在使用继电器接点时,常常因为接触不良而带来误动作;使用晶体管进行连接时,则需考虑晶体管本身的电压、电流容量等因素,保证系统的可靠性。
在设计变频器的输入信号电路时还应该注意,当输入信号电路连接不当时有时也会造成变频器的误动作。例如,当输入信号电路采用继电器等感性负载时,继电器开闭产生的浪涌电流带来的噪音有可能引起变频器的误动作,应尽量避免。图2与图3给出了正确与错误的接线例子。
当输入开关信号进入变频器时,有时会发生外部电源和变频器控制电源(DC24V)之间的串扰。正确的连接是利用PLC电源,将外部晶体管的集电极经过二极管接到PLC。如图4所示。
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